Free range farming

• costs

  → requires more land

  → is more labour intensive

• benefits

  → allows produce to be sold at a higher price

  → allows animals have a better quality of life.

Intensive farming

• costs

  → often creates conditions of poor animal welfare

• benefits

  → is often more cost effective, generating higher profit as costs are low.

Intensive farming is less ethical than free range farming due to poorer animal welfare.

Behavioural indicators of poor animal welfare are

• stereotypy

  → persistent, repetitive action, lacking in function

• misdirected behaviour

  → natural behaviour in the wild which has been misdirected to another animal, the environment, or themselves

• failure in sexual or parental behaviour

  → lack in mating behaviour or attempts to reproduce / correctly rear offspring

• altered levels of activity.

  → very low (apathy)

  → very high (hysteria)

  → hyper aggressive or subdued behaviour